Q1. Using the Cryoscopic Method, calculate the quantity of sodium chloride needed to make a 2% drug solution isotonic if the drug lowers the freezing point by 0.10°C. (Given: Freezing point depression of plasma = 0.52°C; Depression caused by 1% NaCl = 0.576°C)

Q2. By applying the E-value method, determine the amount of NaCl required to prepare 50 mL of an isotonic solution containing 0.8 g of a drug. (Given: E-value of the drug = 0.20)

Q3. Using the Molecular Concentration Method, calculate the amount of sodium chloride that is osmotically equivalent to a 1% urea solution. (Given: Molecular weight of urea = 60.06, i = 1; Molecular weight of NaCl = 58.5, i = 2)

Q4. Using the White–Vincent Method, find the volume of isotonic solution that can be prepared from 0.75 g of a drug having an E-value of 0.16.

Q5. Using Sprowls’ Method, calculate the volume of isotonic solution to be added after dissolving 0.5 g of a drug in 10 mL of water, if the drug’s E-value is 0.18.